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Type 2 diabetes often coexists with osteoporosis, leading to a significant increase in mortality in middle-aged and elderly patients, and both place a huge burden on society. There is a "diabetic bone fragility paradox" in type 2 diabetes, a high bone mineral density and high fracture risk phenomenon. In addition, some hypoglycemic drugs can also cause abnormal bone metabolism, patients with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop osteoporosis. However, the protection of bone in patients with diabetes is often neglected in clinical practice. Even if the diagnosis of osteoporosis is clear, long-term use of anti-osteoporosis drugs is limited due to many side effects, high cost, poor compliance and other reasons. Resistance exercise(RT) has hypoglycemic and bone protection effects and can be promoted as a non-pharmacological strategy for the early prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with osteoporosis. We reviewed the research progress of RT in the treatment of T2DM with osteoporosis from four aspects: the relationship between T2DM and bone metabolism and the related pathogenesis, the impact of RT on blood glucose and skeletal muscle quality, the mechanism of RT in reducing glucose, preventing and treating osteoporosis, and the formulation of RT protocol.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-E) in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for malignant occupying lesions in gastrointestinal adjacent tissue.Methods:Clinical data of 54 patients (57 lesions) undergoing EUS-FNA from January 2020 to April 2021 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected. Thirty patients (31 lesions) who received FNA assisted by EUS-E from May 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled in the EUS-E group, and 24 patients (26 lesions) who underwent routine EUS-FNA without EUS-E in the non-EUS-E group. The diagnostic efficacy of EUS-FNA was evaluated.The diagnostic efficacy of EUS-E group and non EUS-E group was compared. EUS-E score of EUS-E group was analyzed.Results:The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of malignant occupying lesions in gastrointestinal adjacent tissue were 80.5% (33/41), 100.0% (16/16), 100.0% (33/33), 66.7% (16/24) and 86.0% (49/57), respectively. There were no significant differences in sensitivity [78.6% (22/28) VS 84.6% (11/13), P=0.232] or accuracy [83.8% (31/37) VS 90.0% (18/20), P=0.156] of EUS-FNA for pancreatic lesions and other lesions (mediastinal and celiac lesions). Postoperative complications occurred in 1 patient (1.85%, 1/54). Also there were no significant differences in sensitivity [84.0% (21/25) VS 81.3% (13/16), P=0.186] or accuracy [87.1% (27/31) VS 88.5% (23/260, P=0.186] of diagnosis of malignant occupying lesions between EUS-E group and non-EUS-E group. In the EUS-E group, EUS-E score≥3 was highly consistent with the definite diagnosis ( Kappa=0.63). Conclusion:EUS-FNA is a safe and effective cytological and pathological method for diagnosis in gastrointestinal adjacent tissue. EUS-E score can well predict benign and malignant lesions, but EUS-FNA assisted by EUS-E does not show superiority in diagnostic sensitivity or accuracy.
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Objective@#To analyze the molecular characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes strains from ready-to eat food in China.@*Methods@#A total of 239 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat food in 2017, all strains underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) , and comparisons uncovered population structure derived from lineages, clonal complex, serogroups, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence, which were inferred in silico from the WGS data. Core genome multilocus sequence typing was used to subtype isolates.@*Results@#All strains were categorized into three different lineages, lineage Ⅱ was the predominant types in food, and IIa was the main serogroups. CC8, CC101 and CC87 were the first three prevalent CCs among 23 detected CCs, accounting for 49.4%. Only 4.6% (11 isolates) of tested strains harbored antibiotic resistance genes, which were mostly trimethoprim genes (7 isolates, 2.9%). All strains were positive for LIPI-1, and only a part of strains harbored LIPI-3 and LIPI-4, accounting for 13.8% (33 isolates) and 14.2% (34 isolates), respectively. ST619 carried both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. 51.5% (123 isolates) of strains carried SSI-1, and all CC121 strains harbored SSI-2. Different lineages, serogroups and CCs can be separated obviously through cgMLST analysis, and 24 sublineages were highly concordant with CCs.@*Conclusion@#Ⅱa was the main serogroups in ready-to-eat food isolates in China; CC8, CC101 and CC87 were the prevalent CCs, and CC87 isolates was hypervirulent isolates, cgMLST method can be adopted for prospective foodborne disease surveillance and outbreaks detection.
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OBJECTIVES@#To explore the improvement of neurological symptoms in patients with Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy via resistance exercise.@*METHODS@#A total of 100 patients with Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into an observation group who performed resistance exercise (@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, there was statistically difference in the TCSS scores in the observation group at 3 months (@*CONCLUSIONS@#After the intervention of resistance exercise, the blood glucose and DPN can be improved in a certain extent, and which can be popularized in Type 2 diabetes patients.
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Humans , Blood Glucose , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetic Neuropathies , Resistance TrainingABSTRACT
Objective Compared with chest CT,endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can more accurately determine the upper and lower margins of esophageal cancer,and marking the upper and lower margins of the esophageal cancer with titanium clip contributes to the delineation of target area of esophageal cancer during radiotherapy.To compare the effects of esophageal X-ray,chest computed tomography (CT)scan and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip in the determination of the length of gross target volume (GTV),aiming to provide reference for the determination of GTV during esophageal cancer radiotherapy.Methods Thirty patients who were initially diagnosed with thoracic esophageal cancer by histological and cytological examinations and scheduled to receive radiotherapy were recruited in this investigation.All patients received esophageal X-ray,CT scan,and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip.The length of GTV was quantitatively measured and statistically compared among three different methods.Results The length of GTV was (6.1 ± 1.4) cm,(6.8± 1.9) cm and (6.3± 1.9) cm determined by esophageal X-ray,CT scan and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip,respectively.Compared with CT scan,the length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip did not significantly differ (P=0.11).The length of GTV determined by esophageal X-ray was significantly shorter than that by CT scan (P =0.03).Among all patients,the length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was longer compared with that by chest CT scan in 22.2％ of patients.The length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was the same as that by chest CT scan in 11.1％ of patients.The length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was shorter compared with that by chest CT scan in 66.7％ of patients.Conclusions EUS-assisted placement of marker clip differs from esophageal X-ray and CT scan in determining the length of GTV,which acts as one of the effective methods in the determination of the length of GTV during esophageal cancer radiotherapy.
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Foodborne disease is one of the most important public health issues worldwide. China faces various and unprecedented challenges in all aspects of the food chain. Data from laboratory-based foodborne disease surveillance systems from 2013 to 2016, as well as different regions and ages, can be found along with differences in the patterns of pathogens detected with diverse characteristics. Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in China, especially among adults in coastal regions. Salmonella has been a serious and widely distributed pathogen responsible for substantial socioeconomic burden. Shigella was mostly identified in Northwest China and the inland province (Henan) with less-developed regions among children under 5 years. Data from foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2011 to 2016 showed that poisonous animals and plant factors responsible for most deaths were poisonous mushrooms (54.7%) in remote districts in southwest regions. The biological hazard that caused most cases reported (42.3%) was attributed to V. parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the recent monitoring approach to foodborne diseases in China and compare the results with those in developed countries.
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Humans , Bacteria , Classification , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Food Microbiology , Foodborne Diseases , Epidemiology , Microbiology , Forecasting , Laboratories , Mushroom Poisoning , Epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Public HealthABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of inhibited gene expression of fisson 1 (Fis1) gene on the level of Fis1,mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells with fluorine,to study the role of mitochondrial dynamic balance in the pathogenesis of chronic fluorosis.Methods SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro,when adherent cells entered the logarithmic phase,using a group design,they were divided into four groups:blank control group (control),fluoride group [2 mmol/L sodium fluoride (NaF)],fluoride negative control group (2 mmol/L NaF + non-specific siRNA) and the gene-silencing group (2 mmol/L NaF + specific siRNA-Fis1).The protein expression levels of Fis1 and Mfn1 were measured by Western blotting;the mRNA expression levels of Fis1 and Mfn1 were measured by Real-time PCR;and the levels of the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit.Results Compared with control (1.37 ± 0.18,1.00 ± 0.04;1.57 ± 0.19,1.00 ± 0.04;1.00 ± 0.10),the expression levels of Fisl protein (1.72 ± 0.04) and mRNA (1.48 ± 0.13) in fluoride group were increased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein (0.87 ± 0.02) and mRNA (0.69 ± 0.07) in fluoride group were decreased,the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (0.76 ± 0.13) was decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control,the expression levels of Fis1 protein (0.79 ± 0.07) and mRNA (0.06 ± 0.03) in gene-silencing group were decreased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein (1.71 ± 0.04) and mRNA (1.52 ± 0.05) in gene-silencing group were increased (P ＜ 0.05),the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (0.94 ± 0.01) was decreased.Compared with fluoride group,the expression levels of Fis1 protein and mRNA in gene-silencing group were decreased,the expression levels of Mfn1 protein and mRNA in gene-silencing group were increased,the level of mitochondrial membrane potential in gene-silencing group was increased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Gene expression inhibition of Fis1 gene can reduce the mitochondrial division and damage of mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells induced by fluoride.
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Objective To compare four PCR genotyping method for Clostridium botulinum,and provide the reliable method for detection and identification of Clostridium botulinum from surveillance and foodborn poisoning in Sichuan Province.Methods Six strains of C.botulinum types A,B and E were used to compare four PCR genotyping method-one muhiplex PCR method was from US FDA,two multiplex PCR method and one real-time PCR method were from ISO,and the differences were preliminarily analyzed.Results Three multiplex PCR method could detect C.botulinum types A,B and E in a single reaction.The expected bands for type A were vague using ISO multiplex PCR method 1,whereas bright expected bands could be obtained in the identification of C.botulinum by the other two multiplex PCR method.Real-time multiplex PCR method could detect different types of C.botulinum simultaneously;however,classification should be carried out separately because fluorescent labels were the same.Conclusion Multiplex PCR method from FDA and multiplex PCR method 2 from ISO were relatively simple and could be recommended for C.botulinum surveillance in Sichuan Province.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between smoking abstinence self- efficacy (SASE) and age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in form of face-to-face interview was performed. The SASE level was assessed by using the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Univariate two-degree fractional polynomials (FPs) regression model was used to explore the relationship between SASE and age after adjusting of potential confounders: marital status, occupation and education.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relationship between SASE and age showed a U-shaped curve with the nadir at 60 years old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The distribution of SASE is not consistent among age groups; middle aged person has lower level of SASE than both the younger and the elder.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Models, Statistical , Self Efficacy , Smoking Cessation , Psychology , Smoking Prevention , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the influence of group psychotherapy on the alleviation of psychiatric nurses' compassion fatigue.Methods A total of 190 psychiatric nurses were investigated by compassion fatigue scale.Forty psychiatric nurses were selected to accept group psychotherapy for 10 times.The scores of compassion fatigue scale were compared before and after group psychotherapy and the influencing factors of therapeutic effect were analyzed.Results Thirty-eight psychiatric nurses had accomplished the intervention and follow-up.Compared with before group psychotherapy,the total scores of compassion fatigue scale and the scores of mental tension,passive behavior,doubtful ability and loss of morale among 6 dimensions after group psychotherapy were improved:(83.28±7.01) scores vs.(102.60±7.24) scores,(2.66±0.42) scores vs.(3.11±0.49) scores,(2.02±0.36) scores vs.(2.55±0.41) scores,(1.99±0.33)scores vs.(2.65±0.38) scores,(1.69±0.34) scores vs.(2.76±0.44) scores,and there were significant differences,P＜0.05.Regression analysis found that the work life,education level were correlated with the deduction rate of the total scores of compassion fatigue scale,t=2.858,3.099,P＜0.01.Conclusion Group psychotherapy can help psychiatric nurses to alleviate their compassion fatigue.
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Objective To investigate the effects of CD147/MMP-9 pathway on early left ventricular remodeling Methods 30 healthy eight-week male SHR were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 for each group). SHR group received tail vein injections of normal saline weekly; CD147 group received CD147 of 600 ng·kg-1 weekly; and CD147+DOX group received CD147 of 600 ng/kg weekly and intragastric administration of DOX ( doxycycline ) of 30 mg/kg daily . 10 healthy eight-week male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY group) were treated as SHR group. Echocardiography, myocardial sections microscopy examination (HE and VG stain), and Western blot (for assessing levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, CD147, and collagen I and Ⅲin myocardial tissues) were performed on day 56. Left ventricular weight index (LVWI)was measured and calculated. Collagen volume fractions (CVF) were obtained by image analysis. Results As compared with WKY group , levels of CD147 , MMP-9 , and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were lower but TIMP-1 and collagenⅠand Ⅲ were significantly higher in SHR group. The abundance of CD147 and MMP-9 protein and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were obviously increased in CD147 group than in SHR group (P < 0.05). Levels of CD147, MMP-9, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 did no differ between CD147+DOX group and CD147 group. LVWI and contents of collagenⅠand Ⅲ were obviously declined in CD147 group as compare with SHR group. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy , partial myocardial fibre rupture , myocyte dissolution and fuzzy myocardial fibre boundaries , more abundant of collagen fibers, and higher CVF were found in SHR group. Cardiac fibrosis was significantly improved after CD147 intervention, but the action was suppressed as DOX was administrated simultaneously. Conclusions Early ventricular remodeling may be involved in the inhibition of CD147/MMP-9 pathway in SHR. Input of CD147 to upregulate the pathway can improve the remodeling.
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Objective To compare the differences of salivary alpha(α) amylase (sAA) activity and its activity ratio from the sali‐va before and after citric acid stimulation and approach the correlations among sAA activity determined by the methods of iodine‐starch ,Bernfeld and EPS‐G7 velocity respectively .Methods Ten saliva samples were collected from five healthy volunteers before and after citric acid stimulation .Their activities were determined three times by the three methods ,and the variation coefficient (CV) of sAA activity and activity ratio were calculated .Moreover ,correlation among sAA activities determined by the three meth‐ods were analyzed .Results The significant differences (P 0 .05) in sAA activities ratio and its CV ;Significant correlation was found between sAA activity determined by random two of three methods(P < 0 .05) ,and their correlation coefficients were above 0 .96 .Conclusion The sAA activity data determined by three methods could be transformed each other by regression equation ,and determined precision by the method of EPS‐G7 velocity is highest ,and data processing method of sAA activity ratio could decrease differences among CV from three methods .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A Meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of defective hepatic cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) gene with smoking behaviors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All eligible studies published up to 2014 were searched out from PubMed, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), ISI Web of knowledge (ISI), vip citation databases (VIP), Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM) and Elsevier Science Direct, searching words were "smok*","nicotine dependence","CYP2A6","cytochrome P450 2A6","polymorphism","mut*"and"varia*", while 436 articles were concluded. Meta-analysis was performed using Statal 3.1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of ten studies were finally included. We didn't find a significant effect of defective CYP2A6 gene on smoking initiation (fixed effect model (FEM): OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.78-1.03, I(2) = 25.8%), smoking persistence (random effect model (REM): OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.59-1.23, I(2) = 66.3%) and smoking cessation (REM: OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.57-1.40, I(2) = 67.1%). But it showed a significant protective effect of CYP2A6*4 on smoking initiation (FEM: OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.61-0.99, I(2) = 28.2%), smoking persistence (FEM: OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.36-0.77, I(2) = 41.0%) and smoking cessation (REM: OR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.80, I(2) = 0.0%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This Meta-analysis suggested that there was not a protective effect of defective CYP2A6 gene against smoking behaviors. But smokers with whole CYP2A6 gene deletion would be less likely to start smoking, less smoking persistence and more likely to quit smoking successful than smokers with wild CYP2A6 gene.</p>
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Humans , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases , Asian People , China , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 , Gene Deletion , Polymorphism, Genetic , Protective Factors , Smoking , Smoking Cessation , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the mediating effect of smoking abstinence self-efficacy (SASE) on the association between awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was conducted in 642 smokers who successfully stopped smoking, and 700 smokers who failed in smoking cessation were used as controls. The awareness of smoking hazard was evaluated by total score of 12 items. The SASE was assessed by using Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (ASES-S). The total effect was classified as direct effect and indirect effect through logistic regression analysis based on the KHB method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting the potential confounders, including age, age of smoking initiation, occupation, educational level and marital status, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.03% among the total effect of awareness of smoking hazard in those who successfully stopped smoking while the direct effect accounted for 93.97% among the total effect. In the three specific situation of SASE, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.80% (positive/social situations), 3.08% (negative/affective situations) and 2.32% (habit/addictive situations) among the total effect, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SASE has part mediating effect to influence on the association between the awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation. Improving smokers' awareness of smoking hazard may not only promote successful smoking cessation directly, but also contribute to quit smoking through improving the score of SASE.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Case-Control Studies , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Self Efficacy , Smoking , Psychology , Smoking Cessation , Psychology , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association between social support and successful smoking cessation outcomes in males from rural areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 adult male cases who appeared to be successful spontaneous smoking quitters as cases, together with other 700 adult males who failed quitting smoking to serve, as controls. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to assess the individual social support. Multiple linear method was used to evaluate the relationship between social support and the outcome of successful cessation in smoking.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After adjusting the potential confounders as age, education, marital status, profession, age of initial smoking and number of pack-years on smoking, the adjusted mean of subjective social support in successful quitters was significant lower than that in the failed ones (P<0.001). The differences of adjusted means between objective social support and its utility were not statistically different in the two groups among the population who recognized that cigarettes should always be provided when people interact with each other (P=0.124; P=0.763). However, the adjusted means of social support and the related three dimensions did not show significant differences in the two groups among the population in disapproval of the above said social norms (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Data from our research indicated that social support would negatively affect the successful spontaneous cessation of smoking among people under unhealthy smoking culture.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , Rural Population , Smoking , Psychology , Smoking Cessation , Psychology , Smoking Prevention , Social SupportABSTRACT
Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.
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Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the phenetic and genetic features of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from 2007-2009 in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 135 clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, isolated from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guangxi, Liaoning Provinces during 2007 to 2009, were selected for the research. The occurrence of virulence genes thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh), species-specific genes thermolabile hemolysin (tlh), toxR, VPM and gyrB, the pandemic clone gene markers(GS-PCR, PGS-PCR, orf8 and HU-α) in 135 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains was detected by PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibilities to eight antimicrobial agents of the experimental strains were determined by the broth microdilution method. All strains were serotyped and underwent the cluster analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoreses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of PCR methods claim that all experiment strains carry species-specific genes such as tlh, toxR, gyrB, VPM. Among clinical strains, 85.9% (116/135) carry tdh and/or trh. 85.2% (115/135) were positive for tdh, and 3.0% (4/135) were positive for trh; while 3 strains carried both.66.7% (90/135) , 80.7% (109/135) , 65.2% (88/135) , 66.7% (90/135) clinical strains carried the genes of GS-PCR, PGS-PCR, orf8, HU-α, respectively. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test showed that 8.1% (11/135) strains were resistant to at least one agent, including 9 strains were resistant to ampicillin, 2 strains were resistant to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, and 1 strain were resistant to tetracycline. All clinical strains were sensitive to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and chloromycetin.Serological analysis of the O and K antigens claimed that a total of 29 serotypes were identified for clinical strains, predominantly O3, O4 and O1 groups, accounting for 89.6% (121/135). O3: K6 was dominant serotype, accounting for 56.3% (76/135). The pandemic flora in China included O3: K6, O4: K68, O1: K36, O1: K25, O1: K5 and O3: K29 serotypes.Genomic DNAs of 135 clinical strains were digested with SfiI and NotI, the molecular size of PFGE restriction fragments used for analysis mainly ranged from 30-700 kb.When subjected to UPGMA clustering, 6 and 9 clusters were grouped by SfiI and NotI, and the minimal similarity was 52.6% and 58.7%, and pandemic flora were located in C groups and D group, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinical sources in China were pathogenic. The pandemic clone, especially O3: K6 was prevalent. The GS-PCR and HU-α genes were reliable markers to identify the pandemic flora. The serotype by PFGE was reliable to distinguish the pandemic flora and the sporadic strains.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Genes, Bacterial , Molecular Epidemiology , Vibrio Infections , Epidemiology , Microbiology , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Genetics , Virulence , Virulence , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic diversity of staphylococcus aureus isolated from lactating cows of 5 provinces in China, 2013.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 680 samples were collected from 15 herds (12 farms, 3 artels) in 5 provinces of China in 2013, including swabs of extramammary sites (bovine teat skin and milking machine liners) and quarter milk samples from lactating cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates were tested by broth microdilution method and the genotypes were determined by PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 111 isolates were isolated and identified as staphylococcus aureus. Resistance to penicillin (90.1% (100/111)), erythromycin (48.6% (54/111)), ciprofloxacin (36.9% (41/111)), clindamycin (27.9% (31/111)), gentamycin (18.9% (21/111)), chloramphenicol (9.0% (10/111)), tetracycline (7.2% (8/111)) of these strains were observed. All isolates were sensitive to oxacillin, vancomycin and selectrin. 92.8% (103/111) staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. 38.7% (43/111) strains were multi-drug resistant isolates. The resistance rate of isolates in artels (100% (48/48)) was higher than it in farms (87% (55/63)) and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.80, P < 0.05). The multi-resistance rate of isolates in artels (54% (26/48)) was higher than it in farms (27% (17/63)) and the difference was also statistically significant (χ(2) = 8.48, P < 0.05). The 111 strains were clustered into 8 types, 6 out of which were consisted of 98% isolates (109/111), and were prevalent in 2 to 9 herds. Every herd had 1 to 4 types, and tend to be comprised by one major type. Most swab isolates were indistinguishable from isolates infecting the mammary gland. There were no relationship between antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of these isolates.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The drug resistance of staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with lactating cows of 5 provinces in China is serious, especially the isolates collected from artels. A few specialized clones were responsible for most of the cases of bovine mastitis in a single herd and some clones might have a broad geographic distribution.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , China , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Genetics , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Genetic Variation , Genotype , Lactation , Mastitis, Bovine , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Milk , Staphylococcal Infections , Epidemiology , Staphylococcus aureus , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To probe into the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on curative compliance of migrant TB patients. Methods One hundred and eighty migrant patients with tuberculosis smearing positive were divided into control group and observation group in equal number according to the registration time.The patients in the control group received routine nursing care and those in the observation group comprehensive nursing intervention including psychological intervention,health education and family supervision for 6 months. The two groups were compared in terms of the curative compliance.Results After the intervention,the observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of re-visit,regular mediation,drugs taking from the outpatient section and sputum culture after intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention is effective in improving the treatment compliance of migrant TB patients.